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Reproductive endocrinology and infertility (REI) is a surgical subspecialty of obstetrics and gynecology that trains physicians in reproductive medicine addressing hormonal functioning as it pertains to reproduction as well as the issue of infertility. While most REI specialists primarily focus on the treatment of infertility, reproductive endocrinologists are trained to also evaluate and treat hormonal dysfunctions in females and males outside infertility. Reproductive endocrinologists have specialty training in obstetrics and gynecology (ob-gyn) before they undergo sub-specialty training (fellowship) in REI. Reproductive surgery is a related specialty, where a physician in ob-gyn or urology further specializes to operate on anatomical disorders that affect fertility.〔(Glossary ) The InterNational Council on Infertility Information Dissemination (INCIID). Last Updated: May 4, 2004〕 ==Certification== In a number of countries, the pathway to become a sub-specialist in REI is regulated. Thus, in the United States, for instance, the American Congress of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (ACOG) sets the standards for sub-specialtists to become certified. After four years of training in Obstetrics and Gynecology, a three-year approved fellowship needs to be successfully completed. Then, to become board certified in reproductive endocrinology and infertility, one must first complete board certification in obstetrics and gynecology (written and oral exams), and then certify in reproductive endocrinology and infertility (written, oral, and thesis exams). In the United States, fellowship in ''reproductive endocrinology and infertility'' usually takes 3 years, and is offered in 40 centers across the country as of 2013.〔(DIRECTORY OF FELLOWSHIP PROGRAMS IN REPRODUCTIVE ENDOCRINOLOGY AND INFERTILITY - Fellowships Available in 2013 ) at Society for Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility〕 In the European Union, the European Board and College of Obstetrics and Gynaecology (EBCOG) has accreditation centers for a subspecialist training program in ''reproductive medicine'' at 4 centres across the EU as of 2012.〔(Accredited centres ) at ESHRE. Retrieved Mars 2012〕 In Australia and New Zealand, a training program in ''reproductive endocrinology and infertility'' takes 3 years, and is offered in 15 centers across the two countries. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Reproductive endocrinology and infertility」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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